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What Is the Term for the Contractile Response of a Single Muscle Fiber to a Single Muscle Impulse?

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doi: ten.1371/journal.pone.0049281. Epub 2012 Nov 8.

Role of alpha-actinin-3 in contractile properties of human being single musculus fibers: a case serial study in paraplegics

Affiliations

  • PMID: 23145141
  • PMCID: PMC3493539
  • DOI: x.1371/periodical.pone.0049281

Free PMC article

Function of alpha-actinin-3 in contractile properties of human unmarried muscle fibers: a instance series study in paraplegics

Siacia Broos  et al. PLoS I. 2012 .

Complimentary PMC article

Abstract

A common nonsense polymorphism in the ACTN3 factor results in the absenteeism of α-actinin-3 in Twenty individuals. The wild blazon allele has been associated with ability athlete status and an increased forcefulness output in numeral studies, though the mechanisms past which these effects occur are unclear. Recent findings in the Actn3(-/-) (KO) mouse suggest a shift towards 'wearisome' metabolic and contractile characteristics of fast musculus fibers lacking α-actinin-iii. Skinned single fibers from the quadriceps muscle of three men with spinal cord injury (SCI) were tested regarding peak force, unloaded shortening velocity, force-velocity relationship, passive tension and calcium sensitivity. The SCI status induces an 'equal environment condition' what makes these subjects platonic to study the role of α-actinin-3 on cobweb type expression and single muscle fiber contractile properties. Genotyping for ACTN3 revealed that the iii subjects were XX, RX and RR carriers, respectively. The 20 carrier's biopsy was the merely i that presented type I fibers with a complete lack of type Two(ten) fibers. Properties of hybrid type Two(a)/II(x) fibers were compared betwixt the three subjects. Absence of α-actinin-3 resulted in less potent type Two(a)/II(x) fibers. The heterozygote (RX) exhibited the highest cobweb diameter (0.121±0.005 mm) and CSA (0.012±0.001 mm(2)) and, equally a event, the highest elevation forcefulness (ii.11±0.14 mN). Normalized peak strength was similar in all three subjects (P = 0.75). Unloaded shortening velocity was highest in R-allele carriers (P<0.001). No deviation was constitute in calcium sensitivity. The preservation of type I fibers and the absence of type II(10) fibers in the XX individual indicate a restricted transformation of the muscle fiber composition to blazon II fibers in response to long-term musculus disuse. Lack of α-actinin-3 may decrease unloaded shortening velocity and increase fiber elasticity.

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: The authors take declared that no competing interests exist.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure i. MHC isoform determination in single musculus fibers using argent staining.

The figure is a representative example of an 8% silver stained SDS gel. Samples from unmarried fibers containing (from left to right) the type I, IIa/II10, I and IIa MHC isoform, respectively. STD, standard samples containing MHC I, Iia, and 2x isoforms.

Figure 2
Figure ii. MHC isoform profiles of single fibers from the three SCI subjects.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Boilerplate Young's modulus and hysteresis of type Iia/IIx fibers over genotypes.

Error bars are SD. *Statistical divergence at P<0.001.

Figure 4
Figure iv. Force-pCa curve of the type Twoa/IIx fibers of each subject.

Pr/P0, force expressed relative to maximal Ca2+-activated force, plotted against the respective Ca2+ concentrations expressed in pCa (−log [Ca2+]). pCa = 4.5 contains the highest Ca2+ concentration.

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The project was supported by a grant to MT by the Enquiry Foundation Flemish region KAN 1.5.100.10. (http://www.fwo.exist/). The funders had no function in written report design, information collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

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Source: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23145141/

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